The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is a crucial safety feature in modern vehicles, designed to alert drivers when tire pressure drops below a safe level. However, the TPMS sensor can sometimes break off and become lodged inside the tire, leading to a range of issues. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the common causes, diagnosis, and repair of a TPMS sensor that has broken inside a tire.
Common Causes of a TPMS Sensor Breaking Inside a Tire
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Improper Installation: During the tire mounting or dismounting process, the TPMS sensor can be damaged or broken if the tire bead catches it while the wheel is spun around. This can happen if the technician is not careful or if the sensor is not properly secured.
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Tire Damage: If the tire is damaged, for example, by hitting a pothole or running over a sharp object, the TPMS sensor can break off and become loose inside the tire. This can cause noise and potentially lead to further damage.
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Corrosion: Over time, the valve stem assembly that houses the TPMS sensor can become corroded, causing the sensor to break or become loose. This is more common in areas with high humidity or exposure to road salt.
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Sensor Fatigue: The TPMS sensor is subjected to constant vibration and stress while the vehicle is in motion. Over time, this can cause the sensor to weaken and eventually break off, especially if it was not installed correctly.
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Extreme Temperature Changes: Rapid and extreme temperature changes, such as those experienced during winter-to-summer or summer-to-winter transitions, can cause the TPMS sensor to contract and expand, leading to stress on the sensor and potential breakage.
Diagnosing a Broken TPMS Sensor Inside a Tire
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Noise Indication: One of the most common signs of a broken TPMS sensor inside a tire is a rattling or pinging noise when the wheel is spun or the tire is shaken. This noise is caused by the loose sensor moving around inside the tire.
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Visual Inspection: Carefully inspect the tire for any signs of damage, such as marks on the sidewall or pulverized rubber inside the tire. This can help identify the cause of the sensor breakage and guide the repair process.
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TPMS Warning Light: If the TPMS sensor is broken, the vehicle’s TPMS warning light will illuminate, indicating a problem with the tire pressure monitoring system.
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Diagnostic Scan: A professional mechanic can use a TPMS diagnostic tool to scan the vehicle’s TPMS system and identify the specific sensor that has been damaged or broken.
Repairing a Broken TPMS Sensor Inside a Tire
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Sensor Replacement: If the TPMS sensor is broken, it will need to be replaced. The replacement cost can vary depending on the vehicle make and model, but it is typically around $70 to $150 per sensor.
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Tire Replacement: In some cases, if the tire is severely damaged or the TPMS sensor is deeply embedded in the tire, the entire tire may need to be replaced to ensure proper sensor function and safety.
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Liability: If the TPMS sensor was broken due to improper installation or handling by a tire shop or mechanic, they should be responsible for the replacement cost.
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Professional Assistance: It is highly recommended to have a qualified mechanic or tire technician perform the TPMS sensor replacement to ensure proper installation and avoid further damage to the vehicle or tire.
Technical Specifications of TPMS Sensors
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Sensor Location: TPMS sensors are typically located inside the wheel, attached to the valve stem assembly. This placement allows the sensor to monitor the tire pressure directly.
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Sensor Function: The TPMS sensor is responsible for continuously monitoring the tire pressure and transmitting this information to the vehicle’s computer. When the pressure drops below a predetermined threshold, the TPMS warning light is illuminated on the dashboard.
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Sensor Power Source: TPMS sensors are powered by a small battery, which has a typical lifespan of 5 to 10 years, depending on usage and environmental conditions.
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Sensor Frequency: TPMS sensors communicate with the vehicle’s computer using radio frequency (RF) signals, typically operating at 315 MHz or 433 MHz, depending on the vehicle’s specifications.
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Sensor Accuracy: TPMS sensors are designed to provide accurate tire pressure readings, with a typical accuracy of ±1 psi (6.9 kPa) or better.
DIY Repair and Replacement Considerations
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Professional Assistance: While it is possible for a skilled DIY enthusiast to replace a broken TPMS sensor, it is generally recommended to seek the assistance of a qualified mechanic or tire technician. Improper installation can lead to further damage to the tire or the vehicle’s TPMS system.
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Sensor Compatibility: When replacing a TPMS sensor, it is crucial to ensure that the new sensor is compatible with the specific make, model, and year of the vehicle. Using an incompatible sensor can result in TPMS system malfunctions.
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Sensor Programming: After installing a new TPMS sensor, it will need to be properly programmed or “learned” by the vehicle’s computer to ensure proper functionality. This process typically requires specialized tools and knowledge.
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Sensor Disposal: When replacing a TPMS sensor, the old sensor should be disposed of properly, as it contains a small battery that may be considered hazardous waste in some areas.
By understanding the common causes, diagnosis, and repair process for a TPMS sensor that has broken inside a tire, you can better prepare for this issue and ensure the safe and proper operation of your vehicle’s tire pressure monitoring system.
References:
- https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicAdvice/comments/5mp4mw/tpms_broke_off_inside_tire/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-kQPfOYwsw
- https://www.clubwrx.net/threads/tpms-sensor-fell-off.134513730/
- https://www.ft86club.com/forums/showthread.php?t=118980
- https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/boards/271-cars-and-trucks/77171263